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Trois-Rivieres is a city in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada, located along the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor at the confluence of the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence rivers. It was founded in 1634, the second permanent settlement in New France. The current city was created in 2002 from the merging of six towns : Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Pointe-du-Lac, Sainte-Marthe-du-Cap, Saint-Louis-de-France, Trois-Rivieres and Trois-Rivieres-Ouest.

The city is named for the fact that the Saint-Maurice River, which is divided by two small islands at the river's opening, has three mouths at the St. Lawrence. The city's logo also illustrates this.

Trois-Rivieres is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Trois-Rivieres. Its geographical code is 371.

Together with the regional county municipality of Les Chenaux, it forms the census division (CD) of Francheville (37). The municipalities within Les Chenaux and the former municipalities that were amalgamated into Trois-Rivieres formerly constituted the regional county municipality of Francheville.

Trois-Rivieres is the economic and cultural hub of the Mauricie region. It lies at the halfway point between Montreal and Quebec City, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River across from the city of Becancour. It was founded on July 4, 1634, the second permanent settlement in New France, after Quebec city in 1608. Its location at the three-pronged mouth of the Saint-Maurice River is the source of its name, which is French for three rivers. Historically, Trois-Rivieres was sometimes referred to in English as Three Rivers, although in modern times it is always referred to as Trois-Rivieres in both English and French. The anglicized name still appears in many areas of the town (e.g., the city's Three Rivers Academy), bearing witness to the influence of English settlers in the town. The city's inhabitants are known as "Trifluviens" (Trifluvians).

Trois-Rivieres has been a world capital of the pulp and paper industry since the 1930s; the city's other prominent industries include metal transformation, electronics, thermoplastics, as well as the production of food crops and cabinetmaking. An industrial park adjoining Trois-Rivieres Airport also serves as a major centre for the aeronautical industry.

The city's main street is Boulevard des Forges, an area several blocks long in the heart of the Old City composed of century-old buildings housing a great variety of cafes, restaurants, clubs, bars, and shops. In the warmer months, the area is regularly closed to vehicular traffic to accommodate various festivals and events, turning the downtown core into a pedestrian mall. Trois-Rivieres is officially the "National Poetry Capital of Quebec"; numerous plaques displaying poetic verses are installed across the centre of the city, and its International Festival of Poetry (held each year in the first week of October) honours this title.

Trois-Rivieres has an internationally known racetrack named Circuit Trois-Rivieres. The track hosts American Le Mans series, NASCAR Canadian Tire Series, and the Formula Atlantic events. Notable landmarks include the Forges du Saint-Maurice, a foundry dating back to the 1730s, the Ursulines Monastery, and Notre-Dame-du-Cap Basilica.

On January 1, 2002, the former city of Trois-Rivieres along with the neighbouring towns of Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Sainte-Marthe-du-Cap, Saint-Louis-de-France, Trois-Rivieres-Ouest, and the municipality of Pointe-du-Lac, were amalgamated to form the new city of Trois-Rivieres. The Trois-Rivieres metropolitan area also includes the city of Becancour.

History

The Sieur of Laviolette, founder of Trois-Rivieres. The Laviolette Bridge is his namesake.

For a long time, the area that would later become known as Trois-Rivieres was frequented by Algonquins who used it as a summer stopping place. The French explorer Jacques Cartier described the site while on his second journey to the New World in 1535. The name "Trois-Rivieres", however, was only given in 1599, by a certain Captain Dupont-Grave, and first appeared on maps of the area in 1601.

In 1603, while surveying the Saint-Lawrence River, Samuel de Champlain recommended establishing a permanent settlement in the area, which was finally done on July 4, 1634 by the Sieur of Laviolette. The city was second to be founded in New France (after Quebec City, before Montreal) and played an important role in the colony and in the fur trade, thanks to its strategic location. The settlement became the seat of a regional government in 1665. Ursuline nuns first arrived at the settlement in 1697, establishing the first school and helping local missionnaries to Christianize the local Aboriginals and Metis.

French sovereignty in Trois-Rivieres continued until 1760, when the city was captured as part of the British conquest of Quebec. Sixteen years later, on June 8, 1776, it was the theatre of the Battle of Trois-Rivieres (part of the ill-fated Invasion of the province of Quebec by Americans from the Boston area?les Bostonnais) during the American Revolutionary War.
The front of the Ursulines Monastery, on rue des Ursulines.

Trois-Rivieres continued to grow in stature throughout the period and beyond; in 1792 it became the seat of a judicial district, and that of a Roman Catholic diocese in 1852.

The greater part of the city of Trois-Rivieres was destroyed by a fire in 1908. The majority of the city's original buildings, many of which dated back to French colonial years, were destroyed. Only a few were spared, including the Ursuline Monastery and the De Tonnancour Manor. As a result of the destruction, a major redesign and renovation of the city was undertaken, including the widening and renewal of many of the city's roads. As well, many new businesses and industries became established in the town, which attracted many new residents.

In the 1960s, Trois-Rivieres undertook a large-scale project of economic diversification, including the establishment of several cultural institutions and attractions. The Old City of Trois-Rivieres was declared an "historic sector" in 1964. The Laviolette Bridge, linking Trois-Rivieres to Becancour and the south shore of the Saint-Lawrence River, was inaugurated on December 20, 1967. Finally, in 1969, the city appeared on Canada's academic map with the inception of the Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, known for its chiropractic school, its podiatric medical education and its excellent programs for primary and secondary school education.

Although historically an important center of commerce, trade and population, Trois-Rivieres has relinquished much of its earlier importance to the two major cities of Quebec, the metropolis of Montreal and capital of Quebec City. It does, however, remain one of the principal medium-sized cities of Quebec, along with Saguenay, Sherbrooke and Gatineau.

Demographics

Prior to amalgamation in 2001, the new city of Trois-Rivieres was divided among six municipalities.

Age Structure

* 0-14 years: 16.1%
* 15-64 years: 68.6%
* 65 years and over: 15.3%

Religious Groups

* Catholic: 93.7%
* Protestant and other Christian: 2.7%
* No religious affiliation: 3.3%

Notables

* Jean Beliveau, retired hockey player for the Montreal Canadiens, inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1972.
* Steve Begin, hockey player for the Montreal Canadiens since 2003
* Guy Bertrand, radio-tv personality and CBC French Radio and Television official linguistic advisor (French links: )
* Maurice Duplessis, premier of Quebec (1936-39, 1944-59)
* Andre Dupont, former Philadelphia Flyers enforcer
* Madeleine Ferron, writer
* Gerald Godin, politician and poet
* Felix Leclerc, songwriter; worked in a Trois-Rivieres radio station.
* Martyr, a technical death metal band
* Jean Nicolet, French-Canadian explorer
* Jean-Guy Talbot, ex-hockey player, arena with his name
* Mgr Claude Thompson, musical director of the children choir Les Petits Chanteurs de Trois-Rivieres (1956-97)
* Luc Tousignant, the only French Canadian to start as quarterback in the Canadian Football League (Montreal Concordes)
* Kevin Belle-Isles, hockey player for Boston Bruins in 1984
* Rene Robert, hockey player for Buffalo Sabres in 1974
* Henri Wittmann, linguist
* Marc-Andre Bergeron, NHL hockey player, currently plays for the Minnesota Wild.

Sister city

* Flag of France Tours, France

See also

* 1925 Charlevoix-Kamouraska earthquake
* Societe de transport de Trois-Rivieres
* Forges du Saint-Maurice
* Kruger Inc.
* Laviolette Bridge
* List of mayors of Trois-Rivieres
* List of people from Mauricie
* Notre-Dame-du-Cap Basilica
* Symphony Aircraft Industries
* Trois-Rivieres City Council
* Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres
* Seminaire Saint-Joseph de Trois-Rivieres
* Gentilly Nuclear Generating Station